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Can the Diabetes Medicine Metformin Help Treat Periodontitis?
21Aug
While the medicine Metformin is mainly used in the treatment of Diabetes, recent research has looked at its impact on Periodontitis. Periodontitis is a severe form of gum disease that impacts many people around the world. Treatment options are limited. But the use of metformin appeared to have a positive impact on periodontitis, with the suggestion that it could become a treatment option in the future.

Periodontitis is a debilitating condition to live with, and can also be exacerbated by numerous conditions, oxidative stress and bacterial changes. Given how easily periodontitis can be exacerbated, treating the condition early is crucial.

There are some treatment options currently. However, these all have limited effectiveness. But now, new research has looked into how the medication Metformin interacts with the numerous areas that can worsen periodontitis [1].

Background

This research was based on the condition Periodontitis, which is a severe form of gum disease. Gum disease is incredibly common, with over half of American adults having the condition [2].

Treatment for gum disease is limited, with scaling and root planing the most common treatments. These involve a dental professional using a special dental instrument to remove the build up of tartar below the gums and removing plaque from tooth surfaces.

The research also involved Metformin – which is a medicine used to predominantly treat Type 2 Diabetes [3]. Metformin works by lowing blood sugar levels and makes the body respond better to insulin.

The Research

The research was carried out by a team of researchers from Chongqing Medical University in China. Their findings were published in the Genes & Diseases journal [1].

The research team sought to find out how metformin would interact with certain cells. There was an interest in how periodontitis would progress when the metformin was introduced [1].

To find out, the research team induced a mouse with periodontitis. Then, metformin was introduced. Subsequently, the research team reviewed the progress of the condition over a period of time [1].

Interestingly, it was found that metformin had a positive impact in numerous areas. Overall, the progress of the rodent’s periodontitis stalled due to the metformin [1].

One benefit that the researchers found was that the metformin helped to reduce the breakdown of bones – known as alveolar bone resorption [1]. This extends to the periodontal tissues – making them more resilient against outside interferences like gum disease.

Another benefit included the metformin being capable of inhibiting oxidative stress [1]. This refers to an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in the body – which causes damage to the organs. Specifically, metformin was able to lessen oxidative stress levels in the periodontal tissues. Therefore, this was a very positive result.

The anti-inflammatory effects of metformin were also crucial towards lessening the problems from periodontitis [1]. With inflammation being a key element of periodontitis, this particular finding didn’t come as a surprise to the researchers.

What this means

The findings were very positive, with the researchers finding that metformin had a number of benefits in terms of treating periodontitis. The rodent responded positively, with the belief that humans would respond in the same way.

However, when commenting, the research team said that while their study presented “compelling evidence on the protective role of metformin in periodontitis, further research is needed” [4]. This is because this is a rather small study – and so it is difficult to make comprehensive conclusions.

But the researchers commented that they were “optimistic” that their findings will “pave the way for more comprehensive studies” on the relationship between metformin and the bigger picture of periodontitis [4]. Furthermore, they hope that this will ultimately lead “to more effective treatment options” [4].

Given that many people suffer from diabetes and periodontitis, there is hope that in the future, metformin could help patients with both conditions. Therefore, this could improve treatment outcomes for both conditions.

While further research is certainly needed before any conclusions can be made, the initial signs are positive. Metformin definitely appears to have a positive impact, with the chance that it could become a key drug in the treatment of periodontitis in the future.

Thinking points…

1) Gum disease is a very common condition to have. As discussed in the research above, metformin could potentially be used in the future in the treatment of gum disease. However, in the present day, treatment options do exist – with root planing and scaling two common options. If you do have gum disease, we recommend talking to your dentist about your treatment options at your next appointment!

2) Earlier in the article, it was mentioned how important it is for gum disease to be treated early on. The easiest way for gum disease to be detected is through dental check-ups. Therefore, remember to attend a dental clinic at least twice per year. If a dentist does spot signs of gum disease, then they can provide information to help you halt its development. We recommend booking a check-up right away!

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a wide range of dental treatment options and advice aimed at improving their oral health.

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary-based dental clinic twice a year for a regular dental check-up. When problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For instance, these include cavity fillings and root canals. To try and prevent problems, it is important to brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss regularly.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, tooth whitening and Invisalign™! Many people find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

In addition, all of our services at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide.

We would love you to visit our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Sun, B., Ying, S., Ma, Q., Li, H., Li, J., & Song, J. (2023). Metformin ameliorates HMGB1-mediated oxidative stress through mTOR pathway in experimental periodontitis. Genes & Diseases. 10 (2): p542-553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2021.06.003.

[2] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Periodontal Disease. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/conditions/periodontal-disease.html. Last accessed: 16th August 2023.

[3] NHS. (2022). About metformin. Available: https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/metformin/about-metformin/. Last accessed: 16th August 2023.

[4] Chongqing Medical University. (2023). New study explores the role of metformin in ameliorating oxidative stress in periodontitis. Available: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-08-explores-role-metformin-ameliorating-oxidative.html. Last accessed: 16th August 2023.

Why Has Calgary’s Water Fluoridation Project Been Delayed?
13Aug
In a 2021 plebiscite, the city of Calgary voted to approve Water Fluoridation across the city. However, almost two years later, there has been little progress made. Now, a new memo suggests further delays are ahead, with the expected cost also increasing hugely. Given the oral health benefits of water fluoridation, the hope is that construction will commence soon.

A recent memo from Calgary city administrators has revealed that the cost for Calgary to reinstate water fluoridation will actually be significantly higher than expected. Moreover, the process is also going to take longer than originally planned [1].

The news has resulted in disappointment for many. Furthermore, it may result in the oral health of Calgarians suffering due to the delay.

What is water fluoridation?

Water fluoridation refers to the process where small quantities of the natural mineral fluoride is added to the public water supply. Many countries adopt this practice.

The main benefit of water fluoridation is to oral health, with research consistently showing that water fluoridation is positive for oral health – especially for children [2].

While many support water fluoridation, it isn’t popular universally. Many countries – whether it be for health or ethical concerns – have banned water fluoridation.

Water fluoridation in Calgary

Water fluoridation is a contentious topic in Calgary. In fact, there have been numerous votes and plebiscites for Calgarians to decide whether or not to introduce fluoride to the public water supply – making a vote on the topic somewhat of a time-honored tradition in the city.

In October 2021, a plebiscite on re-introducing fluoridation to the municipal water supply was held. The “yes” vote won, with a 62% majority in support of fluoride being reintroduced to the public water supply [3].

With this vote, the city of Calgary began the process of implementing water fluoridation, with the aim of its introduction to be in June 2024. However, progress has stalled.

The latest updates

A recent memo from the city administration has shown that the upfront cost of fluoridation has risen from $10.1million to $28.1million – representing a colossal increase [1].

The memo explains that the new cost comes after the project has been fully-designed. This includes a construction of a new building located at Bearspaw Aayer Treatment Plant – which had originally not been part of the plan [1].

Furthermore, increases in material costs, maintenance costs and inflation have all been taken into account. Therefore, these various elements have resulted in the cost increasing.

Moreover, the memo also suggests that the expected time of completion has also been delayed. The current proposed completion date is September 2024 – which is three months after the original completion date [1].

These developments are rather disappointing for those that voted in favor of water fluoridation. While delays in a project of this magnitude are common, the enormous rise in cost is concerning.

Is more urgency needed?

Many have suggested that the city’s council needs to act more urgently. Juliet Guichon is the president of Calgarians for Kids’ Health [1]. She has pointed out that a lack of fluoride in the public water supply impacts the oral health of everyone – with children from poorer backgrounds affected the most [1].

Guichon has said that when children have good oral health, “they don’t have trouble sleeping, eating, playing, concentrating, [and] attending school” [1]. Therefore, she has pointed out that water fluoridation is crucial for both oral and physical health.

Additionally, Guichon has argued that the wider healthcare system in Canada will benefit from water fluoridation. She says that fluoridation “reduces dental decay by approximately 25%”, which subsequently results in lower medical costs for both patients and the city [1].

What are the next steps?

The updates from the memo are rather disappointing. However, Calgary does remain on track to receive fluoridated water eventually!

The Calgary City Council will soon be awarding the construction contract to a company that will carry out the works. Then, work will begin, with the hope that in approximately 12 months, fluoridated water will be ready for Calgary.

Thinking points…

1) Whether you are in an area that has fluoridated water or not, remember that oral health is crucial! An important part of looking after your teeth is attending regular dental appointments. This provides a dentist with the opportunity to take a look at your oral health in detail and give advice. It is important to see a dentist at least once every six months. We recommend that you book an appointment soon!

2) If you are in an area that utilizes fluoridated water, remember that this doesn’t give you an excuse to neglect your oral health! You still need to clean your teeth regularly using fluoride toothpaste, have a healthy diet, and attend dental appointments! Some people are unaware of the benefits of fluoride, you could share this article with them now! If you have children, you could also use this news as a reminder of the importance of them looking after their oral health.

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a wide range of dental treatment options and advice aimed at improving their oral health.

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary-based dental clinic twice a year for a regular dental check-up. When problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For instance, these include cavity fillings and root canals. To try and prevent problems, it is important to brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss regularly.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, tooth whitening and Invisalign™! Many people find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

In addition, all of our services at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide.

We would love you to visit our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Di Donato, N. (2023). City of Calgary’s plan to reintroduce fluoride into water system up in cost, delayed. Available: https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/city-of-calgary-s-plan-to-reintroduce-fluoride-into-water-system-up-in-cost-delayed-1.6486569. Last accessed: 11th August 2023.

[2] Harding, M. A., & O’Mullane, D. M. (2013). Water fluoridation and oral health. Acta Medica Academica. 42 (2): p131-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.81.

[3] Elections Calgary. (2021). 2021 Results – Calgary General Election. Available: https://www.calgary.ca/election/results/2021-results.html. Last accessed: 11th August 2023.

Is It Possible To Monitor the Progression of Gum Disease?
7Aug
Gum Disease is a condition that affects millions of people around the world. Monitoring the progression of the condition – from mild to severe forms – can be challenging for dentists, making treatment difficult. However, a research team has recently used an algorithm to track changes in gum disease. The aim is that this will result in a long-term improvement in treating gum disease.

Gum Disease is a condition that continues to pose many problems for patients and healthcare providers alike, with the issue growing in recent years.

One of the main issues with gum disease is the pace in which it can change. Following the progression of gum disease can be challenging. But, in an effort to combat this problem, a research team has developed a computer algorithm which could result in better gum disease progression tracking [1].

Therefore, this could help patients receive more targeted and relevant care. Similarly, it would also provide dentists with more insight into the oral health of their patients.

What is Gum Disease?

Gum disease is an oral health condition which involves the gums becoming red, swollen and sore [2]. Furthermore, the gums often become inflamed and pain often follows. Mild gum disease is called Gingivitis, with severe gum disease known as Periodontitis.

If left untreated, gum disease can eventually develop to the extent where bone loss requires tooth removal. Gum disease is caused by a build-up plaque. Moreover, plaque develops when sugary food and drink e.g., candy or soft drinks are consumed over a length of time.

Gum disease is very common. For example, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that 47.2% of adults aged 30 years and older and 70.1% of adults 65 years and older have some form of gum disease [3].

Because gum disease can develop over a long period of time, it is difficult for dentists to track its progression. This causes problems where advice given can become outdated quickly.

The Research Methodology

Recently, a research team sought to find out ways of tracking progression of gum disease. The team consisted of researchers from the Regenstrief Institute and the Indiana University School of Dentistry. Their findings were published in the Diagnostics journal [1].

The research was focused on periodontitis – the most serious form of gum disease. Periodontitis can cause many unpleasant symptoms. For example, this includes the gums pulling away from the teeth, bone loss and the teeth loosening.

The research team used data from a study that took place at Indiana University between 2009 and 2014, which involved 28,908 patients [1]. These patients visited the dentist multiple times and all received a comprehensive oral evaluation during the above period of time.

To form the computer algorithms, the researchers used Python libraries including Pandas, TensorFlow and PyTorch [1]. Moreover, a natural language tool kit was used to test the algorithms. A confusion matrix was used as part of a manual review process.

Any changes were observed using electronic dental records [1]. Then, these records were extracted and combined with clinical notes made by dentists of the patients.

Results

Next, the algorithms were used to track typical progression changes. Having such a huge dataset allowed the researchers to make many conclusions. Then, the patients were split into three cohorts – those that had no change in their gum disease, those whose gum disease had worsened, and those who had seen an improvement [1].

The results showed that 72% of patients did not have a change in their disease status between their first and last visits [1]. This represents a large number, and suggests gum disease is managed successfully by many patients.

The researchers suggested that most patients in this category will have received preventive treatments regularly [1]. Therefore, the researchers reasoned that this would have prevented disease progression, as seen in the data.

However, 13% of patients did see their gum disease progress in a negative way [1]. The researchers suggested that factors that may have played a role in this was poor oral hygiene, smoking or inflammatory systemic diseases [1].

Promisingly, some patients were able to see an improvement. 11% of patients’ gum disease improved [1]. The researchers suggested this group had often received an early diagnosis – aiding treatment. This may have involved enhanced oral hygiene after being diagnosed with the condition [1].

Author comments

The research team were delighted with the results, finding that the algorithm had a 99% accuracy rate. Therefore, they were able to conclude that their findings were accurate.

The team were especially pleased with the finding that early detection of gum disease can result in an improvement in oral health. Thankam Thyvalikakath, author and staff member at the Regenstrief Institute, said that the findings showed that “if caught at an early stage”, gum disease “is reversible” [4].

Looking at how the findings could impact dentistry, Thyvalikakath said that the algorithm would enable dentists to track the disease through “periodontal charting data contained in a patient’s electronic dental record”, aiding “diagnosis and hope” [4]. Also, she said that approximately 90% of dental practices in the United States use electronic dental records – meaning widespread adoption would be possible [4].

The researchers suggested that in the future, if access to the required data was possible, the algorithm would be able to take into account the impact that physical health conditions have [4]. This would provide dentists with enhanced information on at-risk patients. Because of this, those at risk could receive more targeted treatment.

These are positive findings. Any advancements in the treatment of gum disease are welcomed – given how many people suffer from the condition. The hope is that research like this will be able to assist dentists in providing excellent treatment outcomes for patients.

Thinking points…

1) One of the key findings of this research is the importance of early detection of oral issues. Therefore, this underlines the importance of attending regular dental appointments – ideally once every six months. Check-ups allow a dentist the chance to have a thorough look at your oral health and look for any problems. If there are problems, then treatment can be organized. We recommend that you book an appointment soon!

2) Gum disease can be a difficult condition to live with. We need to make sure we look after our oral health – including the gums. Small changes can help – this may include consuming less sugar or avoiding tobacco. Moreover, for more advanced gum disease, treatment options include root planing and scaling. You can discuss your gums at your next dental appointment.

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a wide range of dental treatment options and advice aimed at improving their oral health.

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary-based dental clinic twice a year for a regular dental check-up. When problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For instance, these include cavity fillings and root canals. To try and prevent problems, it is important to brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss regularly.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, tooth whitening and Invisalign™! Many people find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

In addition, all of our services at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide.

We would love you to visit our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Patel, J. S., Kumar, K., Zai, A., Shin, D., Willis, L., & Thyvalikakath, T. P. (2023). Developing Automated Computer Algorithms to Track Periodontal Disease Change from Longitudinal Electronic Dental Records. Diagnostics. 13 (6): 1028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061028.

[2] NHS. (2022). Gum disease. Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gum-disease/. Last accessed: 3rd August 2023.

[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Periodontal Disease. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/conditions/periodontal-disease.html. Last accessed: 3rd August 2023.

[4] Regenstrief Institute. (2023). Tracking periodontal disease to improve diagnosis and treatment. Available: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-08-tracking-periodontal-disease-diagnosis-treatment.html. Last accessed: 3rd August 2023.

The Rise of Digital Orthdontics: How Could Dental Retainers Be Improved?
30Jul
The field of digital orthodontics has been growing in recent years. Researchers at Saint Louis University have spent the last three years developing new technology in this field. They are hopeful that their recent research into orthodontics could result in improvements in the process of creating retainers and ensuring patient comfort – resulting in improved oral health.

Researchers at Saint Louis University (SLU) have spent the last few years developing exciting new technological advancements [1]. Their work particularly involves retainers.

Moreover, their research has become widely known among researchers, resulting in dental professionals from around the world travelling to SLU to learn more about the work being done there [1].

Their research involves digital orthodontics – which is a growing area in dentistry. Orthodontics involves areas of dentistry like braces and aligners.

Covid-19’s impact on orthodontics

While Covid-19 halted a lot of research in multiple industries, researchers at SLU were buoyed by the demand for digital orthodontics. With non-essential dentistry being stopped due to the pandemic, there was a strong demand for dental help – especially digital assistance.

Over the last three years, researchers at SLU have looked into testing 3D-printed aligners [1]. They have done this in partnership with a South Korean company that specializes in 3D printing – named Graphy [1].

Recent advancements

The researchers have published the findings of the last three years of research. Their research has been published in the Progress in Orthodontics journal [1].

Traditionally, fixed retainers have been popular with patients that are in need of keeping teeth in their current position [1]. However, as time has progressed, they have become less popular.

The researchers noted that there are two main problems with fixed retainers – the time-consuming nature of the process of measuring and fixing them to the teeth, and then the potential tooth movement due to wires untwisting [1].

Orthodontists have had to manually bend retainers, making it a very long process for both the orthodontist and patient – which also requires trial and error to get the fit right.

Because of these problems, researchers have been keen on looking at the issues. SLU has been testing an on-site retainer machine that can bend the retainers quickly [1]. This machine can create precise retainers for patients.

Therefore, the two main problems that the researchers identified are being tackled. The process of measuring and fixing the retainers is shortened significantly. Moreover, the wires are unlikely to untwist, as the machine is capable of creating precise retainers.

The researchers found that so far, patients that have received retainers from the machine have experienced stronger stability when compared to traditional retainers [1]. This is a very positive sign.

The main finding was that by using 3D printing, that they were able to control material dimensions, structure and the actual aligners better [1]. Therefore, the researchers believed they were capable of making the process of tooth movement faster and more precise.

Could SLU take on Invisalign™?

Having the ability to improve tooth movement and the precision of retainers is very important and could lead to improvements in comfort and mouth function for patients.

Furthermore, there is also a chance that SLU’s technology could take on behemoth Invisalign™. SLU’s approach differs to the thermoforming plastic sheets used by Invisalign™.

Lead author Ki Beom Kim works at SLU. He hopes that with further developments, SLU’s research could erode Invisalign’s™ market share [2]. Kim explains that “Invisalign™ is a $25billion company”, but that many companies are attempting to compete with them [2]. However, Kim has pointed out that SLU is “the first school” to attempt to compete [2].

Kim described the difficulty of working in orthodontics, suggesting that “orthodontics is a thinking game, like chess. You’re constantly maneuvering pieces to solve problems that will not only improve a patient’s smile but their quality of life” [2].

These advances in research are definitely positive. SLU’s work is exciting, and could in the long-term result in better patient comfort and outcomes in orthodontics.

Thinking points…

[1] In the article above, Invisalign™ is mentioned. Invisalign™ is a hugely popular treatment which involves the use of clear aligners to gently straighten teeth over time. Here at Savanna Dental, we offer Invisalign™ treatment – which begins with a consultation, before the moulds are prepared. Then, we organize regular appointments to check the progress of treatment, and make any alterations if needed. Our patients are typically delighted with the results – you can find out more by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca!

[2] It is very important to look after your oral health. One of the most important aspects of this is to regularly attend check-ups. This will give a dentist the chance to take a thorough look at your oral health and suggest treatment if necessary. The earlier any problems are resolved, the better! We recommend booking an appointment now!

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a wide range of dental treatment options and advice aimed at improving their oral health.

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary dental clinic at least twice per year for a regular dental check-up. At these check-ups, we provide a comprehensive review of a patient’s oral health. If any problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For example, these include cavity fillings and root canals. To strengthen your oral health, we recommend brushing your teeth at least twice a day and flossing regularly.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, teeth whitening and Invisalign™! Many people find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

Moreover, all of our services at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are set in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide. This ensures transparent and fair pricing.

We hope to see you soon at our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Hertan, E., McCray, J., Bankhead, B., & Kim, K. B. (2022). Force profile assessment of direct-printed aligners versus thermoformed aligners and the effects of non-engaged surface patterns. Progress in Orthodontics. 23 (49). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-022-00443-2.

[2] Saint Louis University. (2023). Pandemic sparks key innovations in digital orthodontics. Available: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-07-pandemic-key-digital-orthodontics.html. Last accessed: 29th July 2023.

Is Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste As Effective as Fluoride Toothpaste?
25Jul
New research has looked into Hydroxyapatite-based toothpaste, which could serve as an alternative to fluoride-based toothpaste. Fluoride toothpaste has been used for many decades, but due to various concerns, it is not universally popular. Therefore, having a new type of toothpaste is very appealing. Now, a research team has carried out a study to compare the two types of toothpaste.

If a dentist told you to use anything other than a fluoride-based toothpaste to brush your teeth – the chances are you would look at them in confusion. After all, fluoride is crucial for our teeth.

However, new research suggests that an alternative to fluoride toothpaste – which is based on a mineral called Hydroxyapatite – could in the future be recommended.

Recently, research into a hydroxyapatite-based toothpaste has been carried out, with promising results [1]. Therefore, it is possible that in the future hydroxyapatite toothpaste may become a common sight.

Background

For many decades, fluoride toothpaste has been praised and recommended by dentists. Fluoride is a natural mineral that has been credited with improving oral health in recent decades. Fluoride is capable of aiding the prevention of tooth decay and reducing enamel dissolution [2].

Such is its usefulness for our oral health, in many countries small quantities of fluoride is added to the public water supply – a process called water fluoridation. Moreover, fluoride is also the main ingredient in most mouthwash products.

However, fluoride does pose certain risks, especially for children. If too much fluoride is consumed, such as if toothpaste is swallowed regularly, then a condition called Fluorosis may develop. Fluorosis can result in white lines appearing on the teeth, or in more severe cases, visible stains appearing on the teeth [3]. Because of this, alternatives or improvements to fluoride are regularly looked into.

The Research

A team of scientists and Polish clinicians have recently completed research into hydroxyapatite toothpaste. They have published their findings in the Frontiers in Public Health journal [1].

Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate mineral that is found in the skeleton. It is safe for human consumption and can contribute to remineralization of teeth – a crucial activity that protects against cavities [4].

The scientists sought to find out how hydroxyapatite would impact oral health. They created a study that involved 189 adults aged 18-45 [1]. Half of the participants used fluoridated toothpaste, while the other half used hydroxyapatite toothpaste. Moreover, the participants were unaware of which toothpaste they were using. The study lasted 18 months, with the researchers looking to see how the oral health of each group was impacted [1].

When entering the study, all participants had a minimum of 10 teeth without cavities, were willing to use an electric toothbrush, and did not have pre-existing oral health problems that required treatment. They were asked to brush their teeth twice per day at the same time each day – in order for both groups to be as similar as possible [1].

The researchers monitored the participants every six months through an examination and provided regular supplies of toothpaste. At each examination, the participants were screened for any cavities [1].

At the end of the 18 months, all participants received a comprehensive check-up to see how their teeth had responded. The researchers found that almost 90% of patients in both groups had no new cavities, which was positive to see [1].

Overall, the researchers found there was no statistical difference in the effectiveness of the two groups – meaning that the hydroxyapatite toothpaste was seen to be just as effective as fluoride toothpaste [1].

What this means

The results suggest that hydroxyapatite toothpaste could certainly be used in the future. For those that have concerns regarding fluoride, a hydroxyapatite toothpaste could offer an effective alternative.

The researchers were very pleased with these findings. Professor Elzbieta Paszynska was one of the authors and confirmed that “hydroxyapatite is a safe and effective alternative to fluoride in caries prevention for daily use” [5].

One particular element that the researchers were delighted with was that this research confirmed that hydroxyapatite had a positive effect on adults [5]. The authors pointed out that past research has suggested hydroxyapatite is effective for children – but this research has now confirmed its effectiveness for adults too [5].

These findings are very positive. In the future, it is likely that we will see more hydroxyapatite-based oral products – which will hopefully contribute to strong dental health for people all around the world.

Thinking points…

[1] The research above mentions about how the participants had their oral health checked every six months. Having an appointment every six months is highly recommended, as this is enough time for problems to develop. If problems do develop, if they are caught early, it can help to minimize potential damage. Therefore, if you are due an appointment, make sure that you remember to book a check-up soon!

[2] While this article discusses the benefits of hydroxyapatite toothpaste, it is important to remember that fluoride toothpaste is still crucial! This is especially the case with children, as fluoride can help strengthen their teeth, which can help with their long-term oral health. If you do have children, try to spend some time with them to educate them on the importance of brushing their teeth. Also, remember that it is very important for children to attend regular dental appointments!

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a wide range of dental treatment options and advice aimed at improving their oral health.

It is very important to have excellent oral hygiene. This involves brushing your teeth at least twice a day, flossing regularly and eating healthily. Therefore, this should help your oral health.

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary dental clinic at least twice per year for a regular dental check-up. At these check-ups, we provide a comprehensive review of a patient’s oral health. If any problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For example, these include cavity fillings and root canals.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, teeth whitening and Invisalign™! Many people find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

Moreover, all of our services at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are set in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide. This ensures transparent and fair pricing.

We hope to see you soon at our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Paszynska, E., Pawinska, M., Enax, J., Meyer, F., zur Wiesche, E. S., May, T. W., Amaechi, B. T., Limeback, H., Hernik, A., Otulakowska-Skrzynska, J., Krahel, A., Kaminska, I., Lapinska-Antonczuk, J., Stokowska, E., & Gawriolek, M. (2023). Caries-preventing effect of a hydroxyapatite-toothpaste in adults: a 18-month double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Public Health. 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199728.

[2] Newbrun, E. (2007). Systemic Benefits of Fluoride and Fluoridation. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 64 (1): p35-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02775.x.

(3) NHS. (2022). Fluoride. Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/fluoride/. Last accessed: 23rd July 2023.

[4] Meyer, F., Enax, J., Amaechi, B. T., Limeback, H., Fabritius, H-O., Ganss, B., Pawinska, M., & Paszynska, E. (2022). Hydroxyapatite as Remineralization Agent for Children’s Dental Care. Frontiers in Dental Medicine. 3 (859560). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2022.859560.

[5] Frontiers in Public Health. (2023). Toothpaste containing synthetic tooth minerals can prevent cavities as effectively as fluoride: Clinical trial. Available: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-07-toothpaste-synthetic-tooth-minerals-cavities.html. Last accessed: 23rd July 2023.

Could a New Dental Lozenge Permanently Fix Tooth Sensitivity?
17Jul
Tooth sensitivity is a very common problem that causes issues for many people. In an effort to combat this problem, a team of researchers have developed a new dental lozenge, which aims to provide a permanent fix for tooth sensitivity. Their research involves a peptide-based solution, which could have a very positive impact on oral health. This research has the potential to help many people around the world.

If you were to ask a group of people what the most annoying part of eating or drinking is, it is almost certain that at least one person would mention tooth sensitivity.

Tooth sensitivity involves a tooth, or teeth, to become sensitive – typically to cold or hot food or drink. This causes discomfort and is normally a sign of a dental problem.

However, new research has helped to develop a dental lozenge that has the potential to lessen or even eliminate tooth sensitivity [1]. This discovery could transform the approach towards treating tooth sensitivity entirely.

What is tooth sensitivity?

Tooth sensitivity is a common issue that involves a painful sensation when a person drinks or eats something hot or cold. It doesn’t necessarily need to be anything unhealthy – with even a cold glass of water being capable of triggering the pain.

This painful sensation develops overtime, with acids (caused by sugar and bacteria) wearing away at tooth enamel. Therefore, this causes a process of demineralization, which leaves the tooth’s hard exterior defenceless, exposing the roots and nerves.

Research shows that tooth sensitivity affects at least 12% of American adults [2]. The same research found that tooth sensitivity affects those aged 18 to 44 the most [2].

Tooth sensitivity: The problem

Dentist Sami Dogan is a Professor of Restorative Dentistry at the University of Washington and served as one of the authors of the research [3].

When introducing the issue, Dogan has said that in 30 years of practice, problems like cavities and dental implants have become routine. However, the main problem his patients have is teeth sensitivity [3].

Dogan says “we see patients with hypersensitive teeth, but we can’t really help them” [3]. He has pointed out that most existing treatments focus on treating the symptoms, rather than “addressing the root cause” [3]. Therefore, existing treatments do not provide a solution, instead a temporary fix is provided at best.

The Research

Because of this problem, Dogan and a team of researchers sought to find a treatment that could address the root cause of tooth sensitivity. Their findings were published in the ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Journal [1].

As mentioned above, tooth sensitivity is linked to the process of demineralization. With this in mind, the researchers sought to reverse this loss, with the belief that this could be a permanent fix for this issue. To do this, they designed their solution to be molecularly biomimetic – which made it resemble the molecular process which develops teeth [1].

The protein amelogenin is key in the natural development of human teeth [1]. The researchers used peptide, which is a derivative of emelogenin. Peptide is a short chain of amino acids [1].

The researchers tailored the peptide for it to latch onto calcium and phosphate ions, which are the main components of tooth mineral. Therefore, this combination can help to build new mineral microlayers on teeth.

Then, the researchers found that when new mineral microlayers were applied to the teeth, that this protected the tooth nerves. Therefore, this can result in tooth sensitivity either disappearing entirely or significantly lessening [1].

The research was able to produce a solution that built new mineral microlayers that are capable of penetrating deep into the tooth. Therefore, this helps to create an effective and long-lasting natural protection [1].

While having this solution is excellent, the next question concerns how it could be administered. The researchers suggested that the solution could be integrated into almost any type of product!

For example, this may include a dental lozenge – which would be their preferred approach. For upcoming trials, they aim to use lozenges at first [1].

Furthermore, the researchers also suggested that formulations like toothpaste, mouthwash, dental gels and even tooth whitening products could have the solution integrated within them [1].

What this means

These findings are very positive and exciting, especially given how many people suffer from tooth sensitivity. It is something that can put people off drinking or eating.

The researchers have high hopes for the future. They want to provide easily accessible relief for everyone worldwide that suffers from tooth sensitivity [1].

Lead author Deniz T. Yucesoy commented on the findings. Yucesoy said that the research created technology that “forms the same minerals found in the tooth, including enamel, cementum and dentin alike, which had dissolved previously through demineralization and caused sensitivity” [3].

Explaining how the sensitivity stops, Yucesoy said that “the newly formed mineral microlayers close the communication channels with the tooth nerves”, which means sensitivity “shouldn’t be an issue” due to the technology [3].

This research is certainly very promising and should have a very positive impact on the oral health of patients around the world. Hopefully the solution will fulfil its potential!

Thinking points…

1) As mentioned above, tooth sensitivity very common. Do you have sensitive teeth? If so, don’t suffer in silence, as help is available! Make sure that you mention your tooth sensitivity at your next dental appointment so that your dentist can take a look to see if there is a problem that can be fixed. We recommend booking an appointment as soon as possible!

2) We’ve spoken above about how there is help available for sensitive teeth. However, we need to remember that the focus should always be on prevention! One of the most effective ways of avoiding sensitive teeth is cleaning your teeth regularly and flossing. Another crucial thing to do is to attend regular dental check-ups, as this provides a dentist with a chance to take a comprehensive look at your oral health and suggest treatments if needed. Remember to book an appointment soon!

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a wide range of dental treatment options and advice aimed at improving their oral health.

It is crucial to brush your teeth at least twice a day and to floss regularly. Moreover, eating healthily and trying to avoid sugary foods and drink is important.

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary-based dental clinic twice a year for a regular dental check-up. When problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For instance, these include cavity fillings and root canals.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, tooth whitening and Invisalign™! Many people find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

In addition, all of our services at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide.

We would love you to visit our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Yucesoy, D. T., Fong, H., Hamann, J., Hall, E., Dogan, S., & Sarikaya, M. (2023). Biomimetic Dentin Repair: Amelogenin-Derived Peptide Guides Occlusion and Peritubular Mineralization of Human Teeth. ACS Biomaterials: Science & Engineering. 9 (3): p1486-1495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01039.

[2] Cunha-Cruz, J., Wataha, J. C., Heaton, L. J., Rothen, M., Sobieraj, M., Scott, J., & Berg, J. (2013). The prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity in general dental practices in the northwest United States. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 144 (3): p288-296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14219%2Fjada.archive.2013.0116.

[3] Woods, A. (2023). Dental lozenge could provide permanent treatment for tooth sensitivity. Available: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-07-dental-lozenge-permanent-treatment-tooth.html. Last accessed: 13th July 2023.