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Category: Oral Health

How Do Preventable Oral Health Problems Contribute to Global Healthcare Expenditure?
18Feb
While oral health conditions like Tooth Decay and Gum Disease are preventable, they are very common conditions. Now, a report has looked into global expenditure on preventable oral health conditions – with concerning results. The findings underline the importance of having strong oral health. It also shows the financial burden caused by the treatment of preventable oral health conditions.

Oral health conditions like Tooth Decay and Gum Disease are preventable through measures like regular toothbrushing and flossing, eating healthily, and regular trips to the dentist.

However, for numerous reasons, these conditions are very common. In fact, a recent report has revealed that almost 5% of entire global health expenditure is spent on preventable oral health conditions [1].

This finding shows that many people are neglecting their oral health, and that preventable conditions are proving to be burdensome to healthcare costs.

Commissioned Report

These findings have been produced in a report called “Time to put your money where your mouth is: Addressing inequalities in oral health”, which was commissioned by the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) [1].

This report looked in detail at the burden caused by gum disease and tooth decay [1]. The report aimed to propose a plan that could be implemented to try and address in the inequality in oral healthcare [1].

The report pointed out that tooth decay affects more than two billion people around the world, whereas gum disease affects over one billion people [1]. This emphasizes the need for action in terms of improving oral healthcare.

Creation of a cost calculator

Moreover, the report also involved the creation of a tooth decay prevention and care cost calculator. This calculator sought to find out the direct treatment costs that these conditions cause [1].

Incredibly, direct treatment costs totalled $357 billion per year, which represents 4.9% of global health expenditure [1]. These huge numbers underline the high costs involved in treating preventable conditions.

Additionally, the calculator suggested that severe tooth decay, gum disease and tooth loss contributed significantly to a loss in productivity. Therefore, this resulted in the worldwide economy losing an estimated $188 billion per year [1].

Costs associated with tooth decay

Additionally, the calculator estimated the long-term direct costs associated with managing tooth decay in those aged 12-65 in six countries – Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, Indonesia and the United Kingdom [1].

This revealed some interesting results. The report found that the overall cost caused by tooth decay varied from $10.3 billion in Italy to $36.2 billion in Brazil [1]. The authors of the report explained that this difference was in part due to the range in population sizes in these six nations [1].

Interestingly, the largest costs per person due to tooth decay were in the United Kingdom – with a total of $22,910 per person. The United Kingdom has recently been gripped by a dental crisis – leading the British government to admit an “urgent and fundamental reform of NHS dentistry” is needed [2]. Conversely, Indonesia featured the lowest amount at $7,414 per person [1].

How can the situation be improved?

The findings are concerning, but do at least provide researchers with the statistics that underline the need for improvement in the prevention of oral health conditions.

Professor Nicola West is the secretary general at the EFP. She says that the report offers “a timely reminder that there is no overall health without oral health” [3].

Moreover, West has called on “policy makers and budget holders to put their money where their mouth is” and make changes as soon as possible [3].

The authors suggest that targeting common risk factors like tobacco and alcohol use, and diet, that both oral health and wider physical health problems like cardiovascular conditions, can be helped [1].

Furthermore, the authors point out that there are simple preventable measures, which includes brushing with fluoridated toothpaste, applying topical fluoride and strategically targeting different stages of tooth decay development to take action [3].

The findings of the report are certainly concerning. It emphasizes the importance of oral health, and underlines how action is needed to tackle the current situation.

Thinking points…

1) As this article has shown, it is very important to try and prevent oral health problems. Prevention is easier than needing to receive treatment. Therefore, remember to have excellent oral hygiene and attend regular dental check-ups. These check-ups offer a dentist the chance to take a look at your oral health and provide advice and treatment options if needed. We recommend that you book an appointment now!

2) This article has also looked at gum disease, which is an incredibly common condition. While there is no cure for gum disease, there are treatments that can help. These include root planing and scaling. These can help the health of your gums and wider oral health. You could have a discussion with your dentist about these options if needed!

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a range of treatment options and advice, with the aim of improving oral health and boosting overall wellbeing!

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary-based dental clinic twice a year for a dental check-up. If any problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For instance, these include cavity fillings and root canals. To try and prevent problems, it is important to brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss regularly.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, tooth whitening and Invisalign™! Our patients find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

In addition, the fees of our services at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are set in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide.

We would love you to visit our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] The Economist Group. (2024). Time to put your money where your mouth is: Addressing inequalities in oral health. Available: https://www.efp.org/fileadmin/uploads/efp/Documents/Other_publications/EIxEFP_-_Oral_Health_white_paper_FINAL.pdf. Last accessed: 16th February 2024.

[2] UK Parliament. (2023). Fundamental reform of NHS dentistry needed to end a ‘crisis of access’. Available: https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/81/health-and-social-care-committee/news/196443/fundamental-reform-of-nhs-dentistry-needed-to-end-a-crisis-of-access/. Last accessed: 16th February 2024.

[3] European Federation of Periodontology. (2024). Treatment of preventable gum disease, caries and tooth loss totals 4.9% of global health care expenditure: Report. Available: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-02-treatment-gum-disease-caries-tooth.html. Last accessed: 16th February 2024.

What Is the ADA’s Latest Advice on the Use of Radiographic Exams in Dentistry?
11Feb
The American Dental Association (ADA) has produced new recommendations for dentists over the use of radiographic exams. These new recommendations have been produced by an expert panel, and aim to improve safety for dentists and their patients. These recommendations will result in some changes to dentistry.

The American Dental Association (ADA) has issued new guidance and recommendations over the use of radiographic exams [1].

These new guidelines mark a departure from previous advice that has been used consistently in the past. The new advice comes from an expert panel.

The changes aim to improve protection for both dentists and patients. Dentists will need to take these recommendations on board.

Background

Radiography is a very important part of modern-day dentistry. It refers to the use of X-Rays – called radiographs – which produce detailed images of a patient’s mouth.

Radiographs help a dentist to analyze the teeth of their patients. An X-Ray can help to identify any tooth decay, bone loss, gum disease or an infection. They aid a dentist in their diagnosis of dental problems.

The research also took into account something called Cone Beam computed tomography, which is a type of X-ray machine which is used at times where a regular dental X-ray doesn’t provide sufficient detail [2].

However, there are risks involved in radiography. Research shows that long-term exposure to dental X-rays can in some cases result in extreme conditions like brain tumours and thyroid dancer [3].

Therefore, looking at the safety of radiography is very important. It is important to state that dental clinics have measures in place to limit the damage of X-rays, with dentists taking precautions against harm.

The Guidelines

The guidelines have been formulated by an expert panel. Their main focus has been on radiography – which is a key part of healthcare.

Subsequently, the recommendations have been published via the Journal of the American Dental Association [1].

These recommendations have come after an analysis of 95 existing research articles, guidance documents and regulations based on radiography [1]. Moreover, this analysis allowed the team to analyse the overall safety profile of radiography.

The ADA recommend that prior to taking radiographs, dentists should consider what diagnostic information is required from the images, in order to benefit patient care and improve clinical outcomes [1].

Furthermore, the ADA suggested thyroid and abdominal shielding during dental imaging is no longer recommended. Also, they recommend that the use of protective shielding should be discontinued [1].

This is based on how lead aprons and thyroid collars – which are normally used by dentists for protective shielding – can actually block the X-ray beam, which can mean an X-ray picture isn’t captured correctly [1].

Instead, the ADA have said that evidence suggests modern digital radiography equipment, along with restricting the X-ray size to only the area that needs to be captured, can better protect dentists and patients alike [1].

In regards to cone bean computed tomography, the recommendations also state that this should only ever be used when regular X-rays have not provided the required diagnostic information [1].

There are other, smaller recommendations put forward. For example, the ADA have also recommended ensuring that patients are positioned properly for the most accurate X-ray pictures, and the need to adhere to any federal or state regulations on radiation safety [1].

The ADA believe that these recommendations will improve protection against radiation in dental radiography and the aforementioned cone beam computed tomography [1].

Summary

Understanding and acting upon the implications of radiation is important. These recommendations should help dental clinics to achieve this.

These recommendations will hopefully improve safety for both dentists and patients. The recommendations apply to all patients, regardless of their age or health [1].

Dr. Purnima Kumar is the Professor of Dentistry at the University of Michigan’s School of Dentistry. He also chairs the ADA’s Council on Scientific Affairs – who produced the recommendations [4].

Commenting, Kumar said that the ADA “encourage dentists and their teams to review these best-practice recommendations, comply with radiation protection regulations and talk with their patients about any questions or concerns before ordering dental imaging” [4].

These recommendations are important for everyone in dentistry. It can improve safety for dentists, dental clinic staff, and patients, along with providing other benefits.

Thinking points…

1) These recommendations are unlikely to impact patients too much, so there is no need to change your regular dental appointment schedule. We recommend that you visit the dentist at least twice a year. At a regular check-up, a dentist can have a thorough look at your mouth, provide advice and suggest treatment if needed. If you are due an appointment, we recommend booking now!

2) When reading this article, you may feel concerned about the use of X-rays in dental clinics. However, please do not worry! There are many safety precautions in place which ensure safety for both patients and clinicians. If you have any questions or worries, we recommend speaking to your dentist at your next appointment!

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a range of treatment options and advice, with the aim of improving oral health and boosting overall wellbeing!

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary-based dental clinic twice a year for a dental check-up. If any problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For instance, these include cavity fillings and root canals. To try and prevent problems, it is important to brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss regularly.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, tooth whitening and Invisalign™! Our patients find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

In addition, the fees of our services at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are set in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide.

We would love you to visit our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Benavides, E., Krecioch, J. R., Connolly, R. T., Allareddy, T., Buchanan, A., Spelic, D., O’Brien, K. K., Keels, M. A., Mascarenhas, A. K., Duong, M-L., Aeme-Bowe, M. J., Ziegler, K. M., & Lipman, R. D. (2024). Optimizing radiation safety in dentistry. The Journal of the American Dental Association. (Pre-publication issue). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2023.12.002.

[2] RadiologyInfo.org. (2022). Dental Cone Beam CT. Available: https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dentalconect. Last accessed: 9th February 2024.

[3] Hwang, S-Y., Choi, E-S., Kim, Y-S., Gim, B-E., Ha, M., & Kim, H-Y. (2018). Health effects from exposure to dental diagnostic X-ray. Environmental Health and Toxicology. 33 (4): e2018017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5620%2Feht.e2018017.

[4] Versaci, M. B. (2024). Using thyroid collars during radiographic exams no longer recommended by ADA. Available: https://adanews.ada.org/ada-news/2024/january/using-thyroid-collars-during-radiographic-exams-no-longer-recommended-by-ada/. Last accessed: 9th February 2024.

Does Oral Health Influence Psychological Wellbeing in Older Adults?
5Feb
While many of us know about the link between oral and physical health, there is limited knowledge on if oral health is related to psychological wellbeing – especially in older adults. Now, a research team has sought to find out if a link exists, and how this connection happens. The findings were very positive, and underline the importance of oral health.

Many of us are aware of the link between oral health and physical health. Past research has consistently shown that strong oral health has a positive effect on physical health.

However, in positive news, the link appears to extend further, with new research suggesting that strong oral health can improve psychological wellbeing in older adults [1].

This new research places further emphasis on the importance of oral health. Boosting both physical and psychological health is very beneficial.

Background

As mentioned, there is a well-documented connection between oral and physical health. Poor oral health can have a negative impact on physical health.

However, there is limited knowledge on any impact that oral health has on psychological wellbeing. Therefore, this is a topic area that is of interest to researchers.

Moreover, in Japan, where the research took place, there is a rapidly aging population, meaning that more focus is being placed on geriatric care. Therefore, the researchers were keen on looking at this topic area [1].

Past research shows that as we age, our psychological wellbeing often declines [2]. This often results in low mood, anxiety, sleeping problems and a lack of motivation among other areas.

Therefore, psychological wellbeing is hugely important. For example, it has been shown to increase life expectancy, improve quality of life, and provide general happiness [3].

The Research

The research was carried out by a team at Okayama University, Japan. Their findings have been published in the PLOS ONE journal [1].

In the research, the team examined a range of oral-related conditions. They focused on 218 older adults that visited a dental clinic on Okayama [1]. For the purposes of this study, “older adults” refer to those aged 60 and over.

The team looked at indicators of strong oral health. This meant that they were looking at the bacterial load on the tongue, chewing ability and the swallowing ability of the patients [1].

Then, they compared these measures to the self-reported psychological wellbeing of the same patients. Moreover, they also asked about the nutritional status and environmental characteristics of the participants [1]. For example, these characteristics include their habits, social life and medical history [1].

The researchers were able to take all of this into consideration. They then looked for patterns between the different types of data in order to reach their conclusions.

The findings showed that oral health is related to nutritional status, which then has an impact on wellbeing in older adults [1]. So, oral health does have a positive impact on psychological wellbeing.

The researchers explained this finding. They pointed out that oral health plays a substantial role in determining which food or drink a person can consume. Therefore, this impacts the nutritional intake of a person, thereby influencing their overall health [1].

Moreover, the research also showed a link between oral health and a person’s environmental characteristics, including their social life. The researchers explained this by how poor environmental characteristics were associated with psychological stress, resulting in poor habits like smoking and poor diet developing [1]. Therefore, this would increase the risk of cavities and gum disease.

Summary

Overall, the main finding was that oral health has a positive impact on wellbeing through its effects on nutritional status, and its consequential effect on a person’s environment.

This research underlines the importance of oral health. Therefore, it is important for us all – especially older adults – to invest time and effort into looking after our oral health, as it can have a range of benefits.

Senior Assistant Professor Noriko Takeuchi led the study, and confirmed the findings. He said that “the results highlight that good oral health” can improve “psychological wellbeing in the long run” [4].

The research team were understandably pleased with the outcome. Furthermore, this is also very positive for humans– and shows that by looking after our oral health, strong wellbeing can follow!

Thinking points…

1) The researchers pointed out that poor habits, such as a high consumption of sugar, or smoking, can impact our oral health. If you do have poor habits, try to get rid of these. A great way of reviewing your oral health is to attend a dental check-up. At a check-up, a dentist can take a look at your oral health and provide advice and treatment if necessary. We recommend booking an appointment now!

2) If you are reading this and you or your parents are aged over 60, or you have friends in this age group, these findings are very relevant! With this in mind, you could share this article with them now. This can help to improve their psychological wellbeing, which would be very helpful to them! Feel free to share the article right away!

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a range of treatment options and advice, with the aim of improving oral health and boosting overall wellbeing!

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary-based dental clinic twice a year for a dental check-up. If any problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For instance, these include cavity fillings and root canals. To try and prevent problems, it is important to brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss regularly.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, tooth whitening and Invisalign™! Our patients find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

In addition, the fees of our services at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are set in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide.

We would love you to visit our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Takeuchi, N., Sawada, N., Ekuni, D., & Morita, M. (2023). Association between oral condition and subjective psychological well-being among older adults attending a university hospital dental clinic: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE. 18 (11): e0295078. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295078.

[2] Snowden, M., Dhingra, S. S., Keyes, C. L. M., & Anderson, L. A. (2010). Changes in Mental Well-Being in the Transition to Late Life: Findings From MIDUS I and II. American Journal of Public Health. 100 (12): p2385-2388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2010.193391.

[3] Vazquez, C., Hervas, G., Rahona, J. J., & Gomez, D. (2009). Psychological well-being and health. Contributions of positive psychology. Annuary of Clinical and Health Psychology. 5: p15-27.

[4] Okayama University. (2024). Study finds oral health indirectly influences subjective psychological well-being in older adults. Available: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-01-oral-health-indirectly-subjective-psychological.html. Last accessed: 1st February 2024.

Does Water Fluoridation Guarantee Benefits to Oral Health?
22Jan
Water Fluoridation is commonly regarded as one of the most effective health advancements in recent decades. Studies have consistently shown the benefits of water fluoridation to oral health. However, with fluoride commonly found in other products, can governments and policymakers justify the costs of further water fluoridation projects? Now, new research has tackled this topic.

Recent research has looked into the impact of Water Fluoridation programs in England. This includes both existing programs, and potential projects in the future.

The research suggests that while existing water fluoridation programs help to save money, there is no guarantee that future schemes will follow the same pattern [1].

This is an interesting finding, with water fluoridation a topic that elicits differing responses from many nations. These findings may help to guide future government policies.

What is Water Fluoridation?

Water Fluoridation refers to the process where a small amount of the natural chemical Fluoride is added to the public water supply. Numerous studies have shown that water fluoridation is associated with a reduction in cavities [2].

However, water fluoridation has also proven to be a controversial topic. Many countries have banned its practice outright, citing ethical concerns, and the potential dangers to over-exposure to fluoride.

This research took place in the United Kingdom. Approximately 11% of those living in England live in areas with water fluoridation schemes [3]. Therefore, the majority do not. The cities of Newcastle and Birmingham are among the largest areas to have water fluoridation schemes [3].

As the majority of research into water fluoridation was conducted prior to fluoride being added to toothpaste in the 1970s, it has been argued that more contemporary research is needed.

The Research

The research was carried out by the University of Manchester. Their findings have been published in the Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology journal [1].

Their research forms the largest ever study into the effects of water fluoridation on the dental health of adults [1]. In England, the majority of people access their dental care through the National Health Service (NHS).

The research involved looking at 6.4million adults and adolescents living in England [1]. Across these millions of adults, some lived in areas with fluoridated water, while others didn’t.

This created two cohorts. The researchers looked to see how patients in each cohort reacted over a 10-year period. Furthermore, this involved looking at areas like fillings, teeth extractions, tooth decay and missing teeth [1].

Overall, the findings were largely positive in respect to water fluoridation. Over the 10-year period, areas with water fluoridation cost £10.30 per person on average [1]. Moreover, NHS treatment costs were £22.26 lower per person – representing a 5.5% reduction compared to those in areas without water fluoridation [1].

Moreover, patients in fluoridated areas paid marginally less in dental charges. Unlike the majority of the NHS, dental care is not free in the UK. On average, those in fluoridated areas paid £7.64 less than their counterparts in non-fluoridated areas [1].

In locations where water fluoridation was in operation, there was a 3% reduction in NHS invasive dental treatment like fillings and extractions [1]. Moreover, there was a 2% reduction in decayed, missing, and filled teeth [1]. These reductions were in comparison to a group of people that lived in non-fluoridated areas over the 10 years.

The researchers came to the conclusion that the public sector saved £16.9million between 2010 and 2020 due to water fluoridation [1]. This presents large savings to the NHS.

Are the benefits worthwhile for the future?

Based on the findings, it could be argued that water fluoridation is worthwhile, and that further water fluoridation programs should take place.

However, the NHS needs to take cost into consideration, and may need to judge if the outlay required for further water fluoridation programs can be justified based on cost savings.

For example, while there were benefits to those in fluoridated areas, these improvements were rather marginal. Therefore, it is questionable as to whether or not these modest improvements can justify the expenditure involved.

A new water fluoridation scheme that would replicate similar programs from 2009 would cost approximately £50million. Therefore, based on this research, it would take around 30 years for the NHS to experience any savings [1]. This represents a significant time period.

It has also been argued that people have more access to fluoride through toothpastes and mouthwashes in the present day. This also adds to the suggestion that water fluoridation programs are not entirely needed for future generations.

Summary

Water fluoridation has been hailed as one of the most important health advancements in recent decades. There are many benefits to it, despite some opposition to it.

But water fluoridation isn’t enough on its own. Excellent oral hygiene and regular check-ups are needed. After all, there have been concerns from dentists over tooth decay levels.

For example, lead author Dr. Deborah Moore – from the University of Manchester – has said that “tooth decay remains almost universal by adulthood, even in populations that have had access to fluoride toothpastes and fluoridated water from birth” [4]. Therefore, even those in fluoridated areas are still able to develop tooth decay.

Overall, while existing water fluoridation programs in England provide marginal savings for the NHS, there is no guarantee that new schemes would continue to provide such cost savings. This represents an interesting dilemma for health professionals and policymakers going forward.

Thinking points…

[1] While the addition of fluoride to toothpaste and mouthwash products has helped to protect against cavities, we all need to ensure we have excellent oral hygiene! This includes attending regular dental check-ups, as this provides your dentist with the chance to examine your mouth, provide advice, and suggest treatment if needed. You should attend the dentist at least twice per year. We recommend booking an appointment now!

[2] Do you know if the area you’re in has fluoridated water? It can be interesting to find out! Why not have a discussion about the topic with those around you to see how everyone feels towards its practice? Feel free to share this article with your friends and family to start a discussion! You could also speak about it to your dentist if you need further advice.

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a range of treatment options and advice, with the aim of improving oral health and boosting overall wellbeing!

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary dental clinic at least twice per year for a regular dental check-up. At these check-ups, we provide a comprehensive review of a patient’s oral health. If any problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For example, these include cavity fillings and root canals. To strengthen your oral health, we recommend brushing your teeth at least twice a day and flossing regularly.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, teeth whitening and Invisalign™! Our patients find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

Moreover, the fees of our treatments at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are set in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide. This ensures transparent and fair pricing, with no hidden costs.

We hope to see you soon at our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Moore, D., Nyakutsikwa, B., Allen, T., Lam, E., Birch, S., Tickle, M., Pretty, I. A., & Walsh, T. (2024). How effective and cost-effective is water fluoridation for adults and adolescents? The LOTUS 10-year retrospective cohort study. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. (Pre-publication issue).DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12930.

[2] Slade, G. D., Grider, W. B., Maas, W. R., & Sanders, A. E. (2018). Water Fluoridation and Dental Caries in U.S. Children and Adolescents. Journal of Dental Research. 97 (10): p1122-1128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022034518774331.

[3] Department of Health & Social Care. (2022). Health and Care Bill: water fluoridation. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-and-care-bill-factsheets/health-and-care-bill-water-fluoridation. Last accessed: 17th January 2024.

[4] Addelman, M. (2024). Future benefits of water fluoridation not guaranteed, study shows. Available: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-01-future-benefits-fluoridation.html. Last accessed: 17th January 2024.

Which Drinks Are the Worst for Tooth Discoloration During Chlorhexidine Treatment?
15Jan
Chlorhexidine is an ingredient which is commonly found in oral health products. Unfortunately, it is associated with tooth discoloration. But it is apparent that some beverages are worse than others for tooth discoloration during chlorhexidine treatment. Now, a research team has examined a range of beverages, with the aim of analyzing their impact on tooth discoloration when using chlorhexidine.

Chlorhexidine is the name of an ingredient which is commonly used in oral health products – with it mainly found in mouth rinses. For many decades, chlorhexidine has been used to improve oral health and protect teeth from potential damage.

However, one of the unfortunate side effects of chlorhexidine treatment is that tooth discoloration commonly takes place. This unwanted side effect puts many people off using any chlorhexidine-containing product.

But now, a research team has looked to see the impact that different beverages have on tooth discoloration during chlorhexidine treatment [1]. The findings from this study can be passed on by dentists to their patients – which should ease concerns over chlorhexidine.

What is Chlorhexidine?

Chlorhexidine is an antimicrobial agent which has an excellent effect on fungi and some viruses. Therefore, it works to reduce bacteria levels in the mouth.

However, as mentioned, chlorhexidine is linked with tooth discoloration [2]. This is due to a biochemical process in the mouth. This process means that when chlorhexidine is used, the positive charge of chlorhexidine sticks to negatively charged mouth surfaces, like saliva and enamel – and remains there for a long time frame [3].

Tooth discoloration is problematic for many reasons. It typically affects self-esteem and weakens enamel, which can cause many long-term problems.

Certain drinks can worsen the impact of tooth discoloration during chlorhexidine treatment. Therefore, looking at this subject area is appealing for researchers.

The Research

The research was carried out by a team of researchers at the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft in Germany, Europe. Their findings were published by the European Journal of Dentistry [1].

In order to make valid conclusions, the research team selected 11 beverages to use for their study. These beverages had a range of different pH levels (levels of acid) and different coloring [1].

Next, the different 11 beverages were tested on a mouth model that was produced by the researchers. The mouth featured dental crowns. Then, there was a cycle that the mouth went through – starting with the mouth coming into contact with artificial saliva, then chlorhexidine mouthwash, and finally the beverage [1].

This process was repeated 28 times, which simulated the use of chlorhexidine over a 14-day period, which is the standard length of time that a chlorhexidine mouthwash is used for [1]. Again, to try and replicate real life as closely as possible, daily teeth cleaning was conducted.

At the end of the 14-day period, the researchers analyzed the results. Color readings of the teeth had been taken regularly, while photos were also used. Final photos and readings were taken after the 14-day period [1].

The researchers found that beverages with a high dye molecule content caused persistence teeth staining. For example, tea, coffee and red wine caused the worst discoloration [1]. Diet coke unsurprisingly completed the top four.

Water, diet lemonade and white wine were the drinks which caused the least discoloration. Ginger and lemon infusion, and lager, were placed in the middle [1].

However, the researchers found that when adding milk to black tea and coffee, discoloration lessened [1]. These were the final 2 of the 11 beverages. This suggests that adding milk to beverages can have a positive effect when taking chlorhexidine.

Summary

These findings are useful for several reasons. They can help dentists to guide their patients on ways of avoiding tooth discoloration. A key finding was that adding milk to hot drinks like tea or coffee can make a big difference. But the findings also show the potential damage that some beverages can do.

As discussed, adding milk to dilute some drinks can be useful. When this isn’t possible, diluting with water can be effective. Brushing teeth and flossing are also vital.

Moreover, the authors also suggested that to lessen the risk of tooth discoloration, those using chlorhexidine should try to leave as much time as possible between using a chlorhexidine product and eating or drinking [1].

When using a chlorhexidine-containing oral product, it is important to exert caution with food and beverage consumption. By being careful, avoiding tooth discoloration is possible.

Thinking points…

[1] This article has looked at the topic of stained or discolored teeth. Unfortunately, this is quite common, and difficult to reverse. However, teeth whitening can be a solution. For example, here at Savanna Dental, we offer both in-office whitening and take-home whitening kits, which can be highly-effective. To find out more about us, drop in to our clinic, or visit our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca!

[2] The research also touched on the problems that some beverages cause our teeth. These are popular drinks which many of us consume regularly. However, this can cause problems, which makes attending regular dental appointments very important. These appointments can ensure that your teeth remain strong, and do not require any treatment. We recommend booking a check-up now!

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a range of treatment options and advice, with the aim of improving oral health and boosting overall wellbeing!

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary dental clinic at least twice per year for a regular dental check-up. At these check-ups, we provide a comprehensive review of a patient’s oral health. If any problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For example, these include cavity fillings and root canals. To strengthen your oral health, we recommend brushing your teeth at least twice a day and flossing regularly.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, teeth whitening and Invisalign™! Our patients find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

Moreover, the fees of our treatments at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are set in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide. This ensures transparent and fair pricing, with no hidden costs.

We hope to see you soon at our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Sarembe, S., Kiewsow, A., Pratten, J., & Webster, C. (2022). The Impact on Dental Staining Caused by Beverages in Combination with Chlorhexidine Digluconate. European Journal of Dentistry. 16 (4): p911-918. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742123.

[2] Batistin, F., Antoniazzi, R. P., & Rosing, C. K. (2010). Staining and calculus formation after 0.12% chlorhexidine rinses in plaque-free and plaque covered surfaces: a randomized trial. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 18 (5): p515-521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS1678-77572010000500015.

[3] Fraunhofer Gesellschaft. (2024). Just add milk: Choosing beverages wisely during chlorhexidine treatment. Available: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-01-beverages-wisely-chlorhexidine-treatment.html. Last accessed: 12th January 2024

How Are Provinces Reacting to the Canadian Federal Dental Plan?
8Jan
The announcement of the Canadian Federal Government’s National Dental Care Plan was hailed as an exciting and transformative moment for healthcare in Canada. However, various provinces have raised concerns over how existing dental programs will co-exist with the government’s plan. This has resulted in concerns that many Canadians will see a change in their dental care, while costs of the federal plan could also rise significantly.

The National Dental Care Plan has received a rather lukewarm reaction from Canadian provinces, with questions raised over how existing programs can co-exist with the federal government’s plan.

As a result, some provinces are reviewing their own dental plans [1]. Therefore, many Canadians may see a change in the dental care they receive, following the outcome of these reviews.

Background

In December 2023, the Canadian Government finalized the details of the national dental plan [2]. The plan aims to provide financial assistance towards dental care to those from low- and middle-income families.

The plan will be rolled out using a phased approach – with seniors and children among those to first receive access to the plan [1]. The current plan suggests that the full rollout will be complete from 2025.

The plan has been met with excitement from many dentists and dental professionals. Moreover, the plan is expected to have a very positive impact on the oral health of Canadians.

However, one of the main issues with the plan involves the concern regarding the co-existence between current provincial programs and the new plan [1].

Problems of co-existing

Following the announcement of the plan, Health Minister Mark Holland said that the program was intended to “fill the gaps”, rather than replace existing provincial dental programs [1].

However, this has proven to be problematic. Amidst concerns that provincial programs will change their approach, Holland has since said the provinces shouldn’t “shove” dental costs onto the government [1].

For the provinces, they are in a position now where they feel they can change their existing programs in a way that offsets many residents towards the federal government’s plan.

If provincial programs do change, or even entirely shut down, the price of the national dental plan could rise significantly. Already, the cost has risen substantially, with the cost expected to be $4.4billion per year. This is on top of the initial $13billion budget.

Different approaches

One such example comes from the province of Prince Edward Island (PEI). PEI has an existing dental plan, although it provides far more limited provisions compared to those seen in the federal program.

Therefore, in PEI, there is a belief that there will be a change in how dental bills are covered in the province, once the federal program is up and running [1]. For example, the federal plan will be open to far more PEI residents compared to the existing plan.

Furthermore, Alberta is another province that has an existing dental program. This program is aimed at children and seniors. However, as with PEI, the program is not as comprehensive as the federal program. Therefore, this will reduce the need for Alberta to run their own dental program.

Spokesperson Charlotte Taillon has said that Alberta wanted to see the federal government invest in existing programs, rather than start “an entirely new insurance-based plan” [1].

Moreover, Taillon said that Alberta “urged the federal government to work with the provinces and territories” to improve existing coverage [1]. However, this didn’t happen. Instead, the government opted to introduce their own program.

Taillon went on to say that Alberta is “currently reviewing the federal announcement” – suggesting that changes are likely to be made after the review [1].

The province of Nova Scotia is also said to be “currently reviewing the federal dental program details to better understand the impacts it will have on dental programs” within the province [1].

In the province of Ontario, they launched a senior’s dental program in 2019 [1]. A spokesperson for the province has said they aren’t expecting any immediate changes based on the federal plan. However, changes in the future cannot be ruled out.

What will happen next?

Each individual province will have their own decision to make in terms of altering their existing plans. Each province will have their own circumstances to consider, including the size of the population and their needs.

Once reviews have taken place, it is likely that we will see changes in existing provincial programs. Therefore, some people may need to access services in a different way, or some may lose some access altogether.

The federal government is hoping that the provincial programs will remain in place after these reviews. This would help to keep the costs down, and keep existing infrastructure in place. There is no timeline on how long these reviews will take.

The aim of the dental plan was to see a vast improvement in the oral health of Canadians around the nation. But we now run the risk of seeing little improvement due to the problems in co-existence between provincial and federal dental plans.

Thinking points…

1) Many people appear to be planning on waiting for the dental plan to be rolled out before next attending the dentist. However, we strongly recommend that you do not change the timing of your regular dental check-ups, especially as the full rollout of the plan is probably around a year away. Attending a check-up at least twice per year is crucial. Therefore, remember to attend appointments regularly! We recommend that you make an appointment soon!

2) One of the leading reasons for the dental plan is concerns over the cost of dental care in Canada. For many people, cost is a big barrier. However, here at our Calgary-based dental clinic Savanna Dental, our fees are set in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide. This means that our prices are fully transparent, competitive and reliable. You can find out more about us on our website Savanna Dental. We would love to see you at our Calgary dental clinic soon!

What we offer at Savanna Dental

Savanna Dental is a Calgary dental clinic that provide its patients with a range of treatment options and advice, with the aim of improving oral health and boosting overall wellbeing!

We advise our patients to attend our Calgary-based dental clinic twice a year for a dental check-up. If any problems are detected, we have many treatments available. For instance, these include cavity fillings and root canals. To try and prevent problems, it is important to brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss regularly.

Here at Savanna Dental, we also have some cosmetic treatments available! These include dental implants, tooth whitening and Invisalign™! Our patients find that these treatments have a positive impact on their appearance, confidence and self-esteem.

In addition, the fees of our services at our Calgary dental clinic Savanna Dental are set in line with the Alberta Dental Fee Guide.

We would love you to visit our Savanna Dental clinic in Calgary! You can find out more about us by visiting our website https://savannadentalclinic.ca.

References

[1] Tasker, J. P. (2023). Provinces are reviewing their own dental care programs as Ottawa announces federal plan. Available: https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/provincial-dental-programs-reviewing-1.7059399. Last accessed: 6th January 2024.

[2] Government of Canada. (2023). The Canadian Dental Care Plan. Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/news/2023/12/the-canadian-dental-care-plan.html. Last accessed: 6th January 2024.